Operators in C#

Operators in C#: A symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical and logical operations is called an operator. C# has a rich collection of operators. C# has the following types of operators.

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Assignment Operators
5. Bitwise Operators
6. Operators

We will explain these operators one by one.

Arithmetic Operators in C#

The table given below shows all the Arithmetical Operators supported by C#.

For example, we have two variables x=10 and y=2 then;

Binary Operands: Act on two operands

Unary Operands: Act on single Operands

Example:

Now we will demonstrate all arithmetic symbols with a working example.

   using System;
   namespace OperatorsInC#
   {
     class Program
     {
       static void Main(string[] args)
       {
         int x =15;
         int y =5;
         int z;
         z=x+y;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", c);
         z=x-y;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         z=x*y;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         z=x/y;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         z=x%y;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         z=x++;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         z=x--;
         Console.WriteLine("Value of z is {0}", z);
         Console.ReadLine();
         }
       }
    }

Output:

Value of z is 20
Value of z is 10
Value of z is 75
Value of z is 3
Value of z is 0
Value of z is 16
Value of z is 14

Relational Operators in C#

The relational operators are used to make Boolean comparisons. The following table shows all the relational operators.

Assume Variable x=10 and y=20

The relational operators are usually used in control statements. But for now, we’ll explain these with a working example. Don’t worry if you don’t understand the program right now. We’ll explain this program in our upcoming tutorials.

Example:

In the following example, we have used another method of Console class which is ReadLine(). This method simply reads the input given by the user on the console screen. Another new line of code we used is Convert.ToInt32().Convert is a class which contains many methods to convert one data type into another data type. ReadLine() method read-string type value so we have to convert it to our required data type.

   using System;
   namespace RelationalOperators
   {
     class program
     {
       int student1_age;
       int student2_age;

       //prompts the user for entering the age 
 
       Console.WriteLine("Enter the age of students:");

       //read the value entered by user and then store in assigned variable

       student1_age=Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
       student2_age=Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

       //Equal Operator

      if (student1_age == student2_age )
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The age of both students is equal");
      }

      //Not eqaul operator

      if (student1_age != student2_age )
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The age of both students are not equal");
      }

      //greater than operator

      if (student1_age > student2_age)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The student1 is elder than student2 ");
      }

      //smaller than operator

      if (student1_age < student2_age )
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The student1 is younger than student2");
      }

      //greater or equal to operator

      if (student1_age >=student2_age )
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The age of student1 is greater or equal to the age of student2 ");
      }

      //smaller or equal to operator

      if (student1_age <=student2_age)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("The age of student1 is smaller or equal to the age of student2 ");
      }
    }
  }

Logical Operators in C#

The logical operators have Boolean operands. In logical operators, we combine different Boolean operands to create a complex logical expression. The logical operators that are used in C# are shown in the table below. Assume that we have two Boolean type variables x=true and y=false then;

Example:

Let’s take an example of logical operators.

   using System;
   namespace OperatorsInC#
   {
     class Program
     {
       public static void Main(string[] args)
       {

         //AND operator
         //if the left operands is false then AND operator skips the right operand 
         //and overall result is false

         if((10<hourOfTheDay) && (hourOfTheDay<24))
         {
           Console.WriteLine("Hi-Ho,Hi-Ho,it's off to work we go.");
         }

         //OR Operator
         //If one of the operands is true then overall result of OR operator is true

         if( (hourOfTheDay>23) || (hourOfTheDay<0))
         Console.WriteLine("The time you entered is invalid.");

         //NOT operator
         bool valid=false;
         bool result=!valid;

         //Displays result=True
         Console.WriteLine("result={0}",result);

         Console.ReadLine();
       }
     }
   }

Assignment Operators in C#

Assignment operators are used to assigning values to variables. The assignment operator evaluates the expression on the right side of the operator and assign the value to the left side expression on the left side of the operator. A list of assignment operators is shown in the table below. Assume that we have a variable x then;

Example:

   using System;
   namespace OperatorsInC#
   {
     class Program
     {
       public static void Main(string[] args)
       {
         int x =32;
         int z;
         z=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 1 - = Value of c = {0}", z);
         z+=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 2 - += Value of c = {0}", z);
         z-=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 3 - -= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z*=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 4 - *= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z/=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 5 - /= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z=200;
         z%=x;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 6 - %= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z<<=1;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 7 - <<= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z>>=1;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 8 - >>= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z&=1;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 9 - &= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z^=1;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 10 - ^= Value of c = {0}", z);
         z|=1;
         Console.WriteLine("Line 11 - |= Value of c = {0}", z);
         Console.ReadLine();
       }
     }
   }

Output:

Bitwise Operators in C#

Bitwise operators are also common to all programming languages. This is used to manipulate the values in binary format. Using a bitwise operator needs a complete understanding of binary operations. The data stored in the computer is in the form of binary digits (0 and 1). These digits are grouped together to form bytes, Kilobytes, Megabytes and etc. The following are the most used Bitwise operators.

• Binary AND operator (&)
• Binary OR operator ( | )
• Binary Exclusive OR operator ( ^ )
• Binary one’s complement operator ( ~ )
• Binary Right Shift Operator ( >> )
• Binary Left Shift Operator ( << )

1. Binary AND, OR and Exclusive OR operators

The bitwise AND, OR and Exclusive OR of two values would be the bit-by-bit comparison of bits in the first operand and second operand. The following example demonstrates the use of these operators.

   byte and, or ,xor;
   and= 12 & 7;
   or= 12| 7;
   xor= 12^7;
   System.Console.WriteLine("and={0}\n or={1}\n xor={2}",and,or,xor);

Output:

2. Shift Operators

Sometimes you want to move the binary value to the right or left of a number. In executing a left shift, all bits in a number’s binary representation are shifted to the left by the number of locations specified by the operand on the right of the shift operator. Zeroes are then used to backfill the locations on the right side of the binary number. A right-shift operator does just about the same thing but in the opposite direction. However, if the number is a negative value of a signed type, the values used to backfill the left side of the binary number are ones and not zeroes. The shift operators are >> and <<, the right-shift and left-shift operators, respectively. Also, there are combined shift and assignment operators, <<= and >>=.

   static void Main(string[] args)
   {
     //right-shift
     int x;
     x=(-7>> 2);
     System.Console.WriteLine("x={0}",x);
     //left-shift
     x = (-7 << 2);
     System.Console.WriteLine("x={0}", x);
     Console.ReadLine();
   }

Output:

Misc. Operators in C#

There are some other operators in C#. These are given in the table below.

Operator Precedence in C#

Operator precedence means in which order operators are evaluated if there are more than one operators.

Type Conversion & Casting