CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 3 with Solutions

Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 3 are designed as per the revised syllabus.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 3 with Solutions

Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions:

1. The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
2. All questions are compulsory.
3. Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
4. Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
5. Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100- 120
   I words each.
   There in an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions.
6. Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
7. Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
8. There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.

Section A (12 Marks)

Question 1.
The Planning Commission become ineffective and irrelevant in the 21st century in terms of ……………… . (1)
(a) its unability to handle new policies
(b) coping with present challenges of development
(c) being a think tank to the Union Government
(d) its unability to function in an effective manner
Answer:
(b) coping with present challenges of development

Question 2.
Who introduced the economic and political reform policies of Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness)? (1)
(a) Boris Yeltsin
(b) Mikhail Gorbachev
(c) Vladimir Lenin
(d) Joseph Stalin
Answer:
(b) Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 3.
Match the following. (1)

Answer:
(a) III I II IV

Question 4.
Who led the syndicate group? (1)
(a) S Nijalingappa
(b) S K Patil
(c) iK Kamaraj
(d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
(c) K Kamaraj

Question 5.
Which of the following countries are known as third world countries? (1)
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) India and South Africa
(d) France
Answer:
(c) India and South Africa

Question 6.
In which era the coalition government form? (1)
(a) 1971
(b) 2004
(c) 1989
(d) 1967
Answer:
(c) 1989

Question 7.
Which among the following were not associated with Bahujan Samaj Party? (l)
(a) B P Manal
(b) V P Singh
(c) Kanshi Ram
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Question 8.
Shock Therapy is a phenomenon associated with ………………. . (1)
(a) Central Asian conflicts in Tajikistan and Azerbaijan
(b) New International Economic Order
(c) US plans to root out communism
(d) stabilising the Russian currency against the US dollar
Answer:
(d) stabilising the Russian currency against the US dollar

Question 9.
In the era of coalition which type of parties played a crucial role in forming ruling alliances? (1)
(a) National Parties
(b) Unrecognised Parties
(c) Regional Parties
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Regional Parties
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.

Question 10.
Assertion (A) : NITI Aayog acts in the spirit of cooperative federalism.
Reason (R) : It ensures equal participation of all states in the country. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 11.
Assertion (A) : Movement of the people of
Hyderabad State against the Nizam’s rule had gathered force and momentum.
Reason (R) : Peasantry and women joined hands against the oppresive rule of the Nizam. (l)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 12.
Arrange the following in chronological order. (1)
1. Creation of Maharashtra and Gujarat
2. Creation of Andhra Pradesh
3. Creation of Meghalaya
4. Creation of Nagaland Codes
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
(b) 2, 1, 4, 3
(c) 3, 2, 1, 4
(d) 4, 1, 2, 3
Answer:
(b) 2,1,4, 3

Section B (12 Marks)

Question 13.
What is meant by unipolarity and bipolarity? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Unipolarity means dominance of one major power in the world. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the world became unipolar with US as the only power.
Bipolarity means dominance of two major powers in the world. Before Soviet disintegration, the US and the USSR were two dominant powers as the world was bipolar.

Question 14.
The Soviet economy was more developed than the rest of the world except for the US after the end of the Second World War. Substantiate the statement with any one example. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
After the end of the Second World War, the Soviet economy had developed a complex communication network and vast energy resources including oil, iron and steel. It had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pins to cars.

So, it is true that Soviet economy was more developed than the rest of the world after the end of the Second World War.

Question 15.
South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space. Do you agree with the statement? Give two reasons for your answer, (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
I agree with the statement “ South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space” due to following reasons
(i) The mighty Himalayas in the North and the vast India Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the South-West and East respectively provide a natural insularity to the region which is largely responsible for the linguistic, social and cultural distinctiveness of the subcontinent.
(ii) The various countries in South Asia do not have the same kind of political systems but democracy has become an accepted norm in this region.

Question 16.
Assess the role played be ‘defections’ on Indian politics. (1 +1 = 2)
Answer:
Defection played an important role in formation and collapsing of government in 1967.
. Defection displays the behaviour of an elected representative who leaves the party on whose symbol he/she won and joins the another party.
. It causes instability and promoted political opportunism in politics.

Question 17.
What is Anandpur Sahib Resolution? (2)
Answer:
Anandpur Sahib Resolution was a political statement made by Akalis in the wake of their demand for political autonomy. In 1973, the Akalis passed a resolution that has been regarded as the main policy and programme of the Akali Dal. The resolution was a plea for strengthening federalism, but it could also be interpreted as a plea for a separate Sikh nation.

Question 18.
Which are the two forms of co-operative security as per its traditional notion? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The two forms of co-operative security as per its traditional notion are
(i) Disarmament requires all states to give up certain kinds of weapons. For examples Biological Weapons Convention and Chemical Weapons Convention.
(ii) Confidence building is a process in which countries share ideas and information with their rivals. They tell each other about their military intentions and their military plans at certain level.

Section C (20 Marks)

Question 19.
Mention any two functions of Security Council. Give two reasons why Veto power of the permanent members of Security Council cannot be abolished. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The functions of Security Council are as follows

1. To maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of United Nations.
2. To investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction and to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes.

Veto power of the permanent members of Security Council cannot be abolished because

1. The world may not be ready for such a radical step. Without Veto power, there is a danger that the great powers like USA, Britain, Russia, etc. would lose interest in the world body.
2. Secondly, without the support and involvement of great powers, the UN would be ineffective and the world would be back to pre-1945 position.

Question 20.
“Democracy is an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia”. Explain the statement. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
Democracy is becoming the first choice of the people of South Asia. According to a survey conducted, the results show that all the five countries in the South Asia region supports democracy. People belonging to different religions, ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor, all view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.

For instance

1. Nepal has transformed into a democracy from monarchy.
2. Sri Lanka and India have successfully operated a democratic system since their independence from the British.
3. Bhutan transformed from monarchy to democracy.
4. Maldives from sultanate to Republic with a Presidential form along with Multi-Party system.

Thus, it can be concluded that, “democracy is an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia”.

Question 21.
The Emergency affected the party system in India, elaborate your answer with examples. (4)
Or
Enumerate four consequences resulting from the declaration of Emergency on 25th 1975?
Answer:
The imposition of Emergency brought opposition parties together to form new party ‘Janata Party’ to stop the split of the non-Congress vote.

Atrocities, torture and suppression committed during the Emergency helped to the opposition parties under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayan in mobilising and organising people against Indira Gandhi. The election of 1977 brought to an end the Congress dominance at centre first time since independence.

Post-Emergency brought backward caste politics into the mainstream Indian politics which played a significant role in changing the contours of party system in India.
Or
Consequences of declaration of Emergency in 1975 were as follows

• During Emergency, democracy was suspended the federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended and all the powers were concentrated in the hands of the union government. It was made clear theat a democratic country like India could not do away from democracy. Wide protest against emergency arose to restore democracy.
• Several changes to Constitution came into existence, e.g. election of Prime Minister, President and Vice-President could not be challenged in the Supreme Court. 42nd amendment came during this time and duration of legislature increased from 5 to 6 years.
• The government also gets the power to curtail or restrict all or any of the Fundamental Right during the Emergency.
• During Emergency, government gets extra powers. They have the power to suspend the Fundamental Rights of the citizens, measures like preventive detention could be used by government. Right to move the court for the restoration of Fundamental Rights were taken away.
• Government ordered newspaper press to censor the matter. The prior approval of government was made necessary before publishing any article in newspaper to avoid anti-government feeling.

Question 22.
“Economic globalisation is recolonisation of the world”. Substantiate the statement. (4)
Answer:
Economic globalisation in its process has created an intense division of opinion all over the world. Those who are concerned about social justice are worried about the extent of state withdrawal caused by the process of economic globalisation.

Only a small section of the population is likely to be benefit while hurting those who were dependent on. the government for jobs and welfare.

Thus, there is need to ensure institutional safeguards or creating ‘social safety nets’. But to some extent safety nets are insufficient and there has been a call for a halt to forced insufficient globalisation, for its result would lead to economic ruin for the weaker countries.

Therefore, it is appropriate to describe “the economic globalisation as recolonisation of the world.”

Question 23.
What were the reasons for the rise of political violence in the North-Eastern part of India? (4)
Or
Suggest two measures that you consider highly effective in reinforcing India’s national integrity and unity.
Answer:
Following reasons are responsible for the rise of political violence in the North-Eastern part of India

• The large scale migration into North-East gave rise to a special kind of problem that marked the local communities against people who were seen as outsiders or migrants.
• These latecomers, either from India or abroad are seen as encroachers on scarce resources like land and potential competitors to employment opportunities and political power.

These issues have taken political and sometimes violent form in many states of the North-East.
Or
Two measures which are very effective to strengthen the national integrity and unity of India are as follows

1. Value to Regional Aspirations Expression of regional issues is not an abnormal phenomenon.
   A large and diverse democracy like India must deal with regional aspirations on a regular basic.
2. Democratic Negotiation The best way to respond to regional aspirations is through democratic negotiations rather than through suppression. In 1980, situation in Punjab, Kashmir and Assam was severely tensed. Instead of treating these law and order problems Government of India resolved these through negotiation and discussion.

Section D (12 Marks)

Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
We have a Muslim minority who are so large in number that they cannot, even if they want, go anywhere else. That is a basic fact about which there can be no argument. Whatever the provocation from Pakistan and whatever the indignities and horrors inflicted on non-Muslims there, we have got to deal with this minority in a civilised manner. We must give them security and the rights of citizens in a democratic state. If we fail to do so, we shall have a festering sore which will eventually poison the whole body politic and probably destroy it. Jawaharlal Nehru, letter to Chief Ministers, 15th October, 1947.

(i) The speaker of the given passage was ……………. .
(a) Mohammad Ali Jinnah
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(d) Mohammad Iqbal
Answer:
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru

(ii) Why Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to deal with the Muslim minority in a civilised way?
(a) Because Muslim minority were in large number in India.
(b) Because it is their right to go anywhere i.e. to go Pakistan or stay in India.
(c) Because in a democratic set-up everyone should be given an equal opportunity.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

(iii) Why this minority should be given the security and rights on the same footing as to others in a democratic system?
(a) Because Indian democracy is based on the principles of equality, socialism, liberty and fraternity which ensures equal rights and security.
(b) So that they can enjoy effective equality.
(c) It empowers communities and promotes the exercise of individual freedoms.
(d) It would affect the basic nature of democratic system.
Answer:
(a) Because Indian democracy is based on the principles of equality, socialism, liberty and fraternity which ensures equal rights and security.

(iv) In this way minority was not provided security and rights, what kind of scenario is envisaged?
(a) It will go against the secular principles of India.
(b) It may lead to the disintegration of Indian States.
(c) It may lead to a situation of riots in the country.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Question 25.
In the given map of India four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and writer their correct names in respective serial number. Information given about the Lok Sabha election results 1977. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)

(i) The state where India National Congress (INC) was in majority.
(ii) The state were Janata Party was in majority.
(iii) The state where other parties were in majority.
(iv) The state where left parties were in majority.
Answer:

Question 26.
Study the picture and answer the following questions given below. (1 + 1 + 2 = 4)

(i) In which year and where the Earth Summit was held?
Answer:
The Earth Summit on environment issues was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (South America) in June 1992.

(ii) What is being shown in the above picture?
Answer:
A dense rain forest in shown above.Just below, it is shows that these forests are being felled relentlessly. Another is the mangrove forest.

(iii) Discuss the environmental concerns in global politics.
Answer:
Earth atmosphere, ocean floor, outer space and Antarctic region are global commons. Any country in the world have no claim or coverage on these visible and invisible entities. As the regions described above are global commons, only world politics can get enforced rules and regulations for ineir conversation.

Section E (24 Marks)

Quetsion 27.
Highlight the developments in India’s nuclear programme. (6)
Or
Elaborate upon the formation of
successive governments formed after the 1989 elections. (6)
Answer:
India’s nuclear policy has always been peace-oriented, whose clear impression is reflected in the policy of ‘No First Use’.

The development in India’s nuclear programme can be understood with following points

• The nuclear programme in India was initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of HJ Bhabha.
• When China conducted a nuclear test in 1964, India realised its strategic importance.
• India’s first nuclear experiment was conducted in 1974 and India declared that it was only for peaceful purposes.
• At the same time, India refused to sign the CTBT in 1995 because of its discriminatory nature.
• India conducted a series of nuclear tests in May 1998, demonstrating its capacity to use nuclear energy for military purposes.
• India’s nuclear doctrine of credible minimum nuclear deterrance professes ‘No First Use’ and reiterates India’s commitment to global verifiable and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament leading to a nuclear weapons free world.
• In view of contemporary regional security challenges, the present government led by Prime
  Minister Narendra Modi has made it clear that the policy of ‘No First Use’ can be reviewed and changed in consonance with India’s regional and national security.
• In addition, India is committed to ensuring its membership in the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and is opposing partisan and unjust nuclear treaties like CTBT and NPT.

Or
The formation of successive governments after the 1989 elections are discussed below

• After the 1989 election, the National front under VP Singh formed the government with the support of Left Front and the BJP. The Congress under Rajiv Gandhi was still the single largest party in Lok Sabha.
• Chandra Shekhar broke the government and got outside support from the Congress and became the Prime Minister of India. Subsequently, Congress withdrew support.
• In 1991 elections, due to assassination of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, Congress emerged as the single largest party and under the leadership of Narsimha Rao, it formed the government. It had the support of AIADMK.
• In the 1996 elections, BJP won most of the seats and Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed the government but could not get the support of regional parties to form majority and therefore, resigned.
• FID Deve Gowda with the support of Congress formed a United Front and renamed the Prime Minister for approximately 11 months. Similarly, IK Gujral with the support of Congress formed another United. Front and became the Prime Minister for one year.
• In the 1998 elections, BJP got the highest number of seats and Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the Prime Minister but could not get majority support in the Lok Sabha. Elections were again held in 1999 and a majority government was formed under Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Question 28.
What does ASEAN stand for? What are the main objectives of ASEAN? (2 + 4 = 6)
Or Compare and contrast the ‘Shock Therapy’ of the USSR with ‘the open door’ policy of China’.
(3 + 3 = 6)
Answer:
ASEAN stand for (Association of South-East Asian Nations). ASEAN was established in 1967 by five countries of this region-lndonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand by signing the Bangkok Declaration.

The main objectives of ASEAN are

• To accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and cultural development’.
• To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.
• ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Area (FTA) for investment, labour and services.
• The ASEAN Security Community objective is that the outstanding territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontation.
• The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which was established in 1994, is the organisation that carries out coordination of security and foreign policy.
• The objective of the ASEAN Economic Community is to create a common market and production base.

Or
Shock Therapy of USSR
The model of transition (tansfer) from capitalist economy to free trade private economy in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe came to be know as ‘Shock Therapy’. It was influenced by World Bank and IMF. These countries removed the structures that were evolved during the Soviet period. The private ownership of property. In these countries, privatisation of state assests and corporate ownership pattern were implemented and the collective farms were replaced by private farming and capitalism in agriculture.

Free trade was considered necessary, so free trade regime and Foreign Direct Investment, (FDI) were the main engines of change which included openness to foreign foreign investment, financial opening up or deregulation and currency convertibility.

Open Door Policy of China
The Chinese leadership took major policy decisions in the 1970s. Like the end of its political and economic isolation with the establishment of relations with United States in 1972. These decisions led to the foundation of China’s development. The Chinese opened its economy very gradually and did not opted for the Shock Therapy. The privatisation of agriculture and industry. Trade barriers were eliminated. All these inclusive economic steps were known as Open Door Policy of China.

Question 29.
From 1989 to 2004, there have been nine coalition governments in India. Analyse the rise and fall of any two such coalition governments. (6)
Or
Two-party system is considered as the best form for a democratic system. India, on the other hand, has a multi-party system. Assess the advantages of the multi-party system in India.
Answer:
With the elections of 1989, a long phase of coalition politics began in India. Since then, there have been nine governments at the centre. All of them have either been coalition governments or minority governments supported by other parties which did not join the government. In this new phase, any government could be formed only with the participation of support of many regional parties.
For example

1. Nation Front Government in 1989
2. The United Front Government in 1996 and 1997
3. National Democratic Alliance (NDA), BJP led coalition in 1997,1998, 1999
4. United Progressive Alliance (UPA) in 2004

United Front Government Some parties had Congress support and formed alliance in 1996 called United Front. In 1989, BJP and Left supported National Front. In 1989, BJP and Left wanted to keep the Congress out of power, hence, both supported National Front and later in 1996, Congress and Left both wanted to keep out BJP from the power. Therefore, both supported United Front in 1996.

United Progressive Alliance In 1996, BJP was invited to form the government, but most of the political parties, opposed its policies, consequently it could not secure a majority in the Lok Sabha. In 2004 elections, the Congress party came to power with the new alliance known as United Progressive Alliance. This was a coalition in a big way. NDA was defeated and installation of another coalition led by Dr Manmohan Singh occurred. The UPA received support from DMK, PMK, AIADMK, RJD, NCP, TRS and Left from Andhra Pradesh, etc.

The 2004 election also saw the partial revival of Congress party as it increased its seats in comparision to 1996 elections.
Or
Two party systems is required for successful democracy. However, the multi-party system have the following advantages

• No place for Dictatorship Even if a party enjoys full majority, it can not function as dictator. The multi-party system provided a democratic government. Hence, if the largest party try do so then other parties will withdraw their support.
• Multiple Choice of Voters Since 1989 elections, voters have choices about whom they want to cast their votes. This is another advantage of multi-party system.
• True Reflection of Public Opinion
  Parliament is the reflection of people. In case of multi-party systems, Parliament becomes a true reflector of people because diversity of culture, language are noticeable in Parliament.
• Possibility of Stable Government There
  is government majority in Parliament and Council of Ministers work according to the majority. This restricts Parliament not to pass no-confidence motion. Hence, mulit-party system is comparatively stable.
• Passing of Bills Bills favouring people are passed by the Parliament and it is a coalition government which always asks its member parties to do so.
• Check the Division of the Two Camp The two party system leads to two camps. But the multi-party system checked the two hostile camps. It is rather a cementing force between groups of divergent loyalties.

Question 30.
Suggest any six steps since 2005 to make the United Nations more relevant in the changing context. (6)
Or
Trace the evolution of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. How does it function with the help of its structures and agencies.
Answer:
In September 2005, the UN celebrated its 60th anniversary and leaders decided to make it more relevant in the changing context by following step

1. Creation of Peace Building Commission
2. Acceptance of the responsibility of the international community in case of failures of national government to protect their own citizens from atrocities.
3. Establishment of Human Rights Council
4. Agreement to achieve Millennium Development Goals
5. Condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations
6. Creation of a Democracy Fund
7. An agreement to wind up the Trusteeship council

Or
The United Nations was established in 1945 after the end of Second World War as a successor to the League of Nations. The United Nations Charter was signed by 51 States for setting up of UN. The basic aim was to achieve what League of Nations was not able to achieve during the two World Wars. The other objectives of the UN are as follows

• Prevention of conflicts and facilitating i co-operation among nations.
• To stop conflicts among states resulting into war and if it takes the shape of war, then to limit the effects of war.
• To reduce the reasons of conflict by bringing the countries together for improving social and economic development all over the world.

UN Structures and Agencies
UN includes many different structures for dealing with different issues. The issues relating to war and peace and differences between member states are dealt by discussion in General Assembly as well as in the Security Council.

The other issues such as social and economic are dealt by a number of agencies which include World Health Organisation (WHO)
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).