Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 10 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 10 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Match the following.
List I | List II |
A. Confidence Building Measures | 1. Giving up certain types of weapons |
B. Arms Control | 2. A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nation on a regular basis. |
C. Alliance | 3. A coalition of nations meant to deter or defend against military attacks. |
D. Disarmament | 4. Regulate the acquisition or development of weapons. |
Codes
Answer:
(a) 2 4 3 1
List I | List II |
A. Confidence Building Measures | 2. A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nation on a regular basis. |
B. Arms Control | 4. Regulate the acquisition or development of weapons. |
C. Alliance | 3. A coalition of nations meant to deter or defend against military attacks. |
D. Disarmament | 1. Giving up certain types of weapons |
Question 2.
Arrange the following in chronological order. (1)
I. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
II. Fall of Berline wall
III. Disintegration of the Soviet Union IV Russian Revolution
Codes
(a) IV, I, II, III
(b) III, II, I, IV
(c) I, II, III, IV
(d) II, III, IV, II
Answer:
(a) IV, I, II, III
Question 3.
For how many years did Civil War continued in Tajikistan (1)
(a) 15 years
(b) 5 years
(c) 12 years
(d) 10 years
Answer:
(d) 10 years
Question 4.
In …………….. year the king of Nepal dismissed the government and abolished the Parliament? (1)
(a) 2000
(b) 2003
(c) 2002
(d) 2004
Answer:
(c) 2002
Question 5.
Which two countries signed Indus Water Treaty with the World Bank as negotiator? (1)
(a) India and Bangladesh
(b) India and Pakistan
(c) India and China
(d) India and Nepal
Answer:
(b) India and Pakistan
Question 6.
Security as a confidence building measures means ……………. . (1)
(a) Encouraging violence
(b) Avoiding violence
(c) Arms Control
(d) Limit use of nuclear weapons
Answer:
(b) Avoiding violence
Question 7.
Which of the following are accounted as the major environmental problem across the globe? (1)
(a) Forest depletion
(b) Ozone depletion
(c) Overgrazing
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 8.
In which year the voting method of entire country shifted to EVM. (1)
(a) 2004
(b) 2002
(c) 2009
(d) 1999
Answer:
(a) 2004
Question 9.
In which year Bhartiya Jana Sangh was formed? (1)
(a) 1950
(b) 1949
(c) 1951
(d) 1952
Answer:
(c) 1951
Directions (Q. Nos. 10 and 11) In the questions given below there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose the correct option.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Question 10.
Assertion (A) : India, China and other developing countries were exempted from the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol.
Reason (R) : Their contribution to the emissions of greenhouse gases during the industrialisation period was not significant. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 11.
Assertion (A) : In the traditional view of security, more threat to a country’s security comes from outside its borders.
Reason (R) : The international system is rather a brutal arena in which there is no central authority capable of controlling behaviour. (1)
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 12.
In General election of 2009 UPA won by how many seats? (1)
(a) 262
(b) 264
(c) 265
(d) 260
Answer:
(a) 262
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What was the purpose of ‘Operation Desert Storm’? (2)
Answer:
The Gulf war also known as ‘Operation Desert Storm’ was fought from 2nd August, 1990 to 28th February, 1991. It was a UN waged war led by United States against Iraq, This war was in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
Question 14.
Differentiate between ‘one-party dominance’ and ‘one party system’. (2)
Answer:
‘One party dominance’ simply means dominance of one party in a democratic set up e.g. Congress Party in the early years of independence.
On the other hand one party system, means existense of only one party in the country. e.g. Communist Party in China.
Question 15.
Identify any two outcomes of the Partition of India into India and Pakistan. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Two outcomes of the partition of India in 1947 were the following
- There were killings and atrocities on both sides of the border.
- Political division of the country led to the administrative failure.
Question 16.
What were the two main consequences of Indo-Pak conflict of 1971? (2)
Answer:
The two main consequences of Indo-Pakistan conflict of 1971 are
- Eastern command of Pakistan military collapsed and East Pakistan was recognised as Bangladesh.
- Over 93000 Pakistani troops surrendered to the Indian forces making the largest surrender since Second World War.
Question 17.
What are the two models of development and which of the models were adopted by India? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The two models of development are
- The liberal-capitalist model, as it was much in Europe and US.
- Socialist model, as it was in USSR.
India adopted a mid-way path of both the models i.e. mixed economy.
Question 18.
Mention any two measures to have good relations with Pakistan. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Two measures to have good relations with Pakistan are as follows
- Economic relations should be consolidated.
- Cultural give and take relationship should be appreciated.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Analyse any three lessons learnt from the Emergency of 1975. (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The three lessons of Emergency were
(i) Though many observers who thought that India ceased to be democratic during the Emergency but it proved wrong and normal democratic functioning reduced within a short span of time and in this context it is said that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.
(ii) It highlighted some ambiguities regarding the Emergency provision in the Constitution that have been corrected. Now, ‘internal’ Emergency can be proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and advice to President to proclaim Emergency must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.
(iii) Emergency made everyone realised the value of the civil liberties. The court too have become active after the Emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the individuals.
Question 20.
What is UNICEF? Mention any four functions performed by it? (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. It was established in 1946 by the UN General Assembly and its headquarter is located in New York, United States.
There are many functions performed by UNICEF some of which are mentioned below
- It works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health and well-being. This is done in cooperation with individuals, civil groups, governments and the private sector.
- It provides help to children and mothers in emergencies arising from natural calamities, civil strikes and epidemics.
- It assists governments to plan, develop and extend community based services in the fields of maternal and child health, nutrition, cleans water and sanitation.
- It delivers funds for the training of personnel including health and sanitation workers, teachers, nutritionists, etc. Universal Child immunisation against the preventable diseases is one of the chief goals of UNICEF.
Question 21.
What was the approach of the Government of India towards the Princely States immediately after the partition of India in 1947? (2 + 2 = 4)
Answer:
At the time of India’s Independence, there were 565 Princely States. Immediately after partition, communal violence was at its culmination.During that phase, the government’s approach towards Princely States was guided by three considerations
- Firstly, the people of most of the Princely States clearly wanted to become part of the Indian Union.
- Secondly, the government was prepared to be flexible in giving autonomy to some regions. The idea was to accommodate plurality and adopt a flexible approach in dealing with the demands of the regions.
- Thirdly, in the backdrop of partition which brought into focus the contest over demarcation of territory, the integration and consolidation of the territorial boundaries of the nation had assumed supreme importance.
Question 22.
What is the difference between refugees and migrants? (2 + 2 = 4)
Or
Discuss the non-traditional notion of security and explore the distinctions between narrow and broad human security concepts.
Answer:
The difference between refugees and migrants are as follows
Refugee | Migrant |
Refugees are forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. They went through= immense sufferings. | Migrants make a conscious choice to leave their country to seek a better life elsewhere. They plan their own travel and are free to return home at any time. |
The concerns of refugees are human rights and safety and not economic advantage. They leave behind their homes all their belongings, family members and friends | Before they decide to leave their country, migrants can seek information about their new home, study the language and explore employment opportunities. |
Or
Meaning of Non-traditional Notions of Security : It includes a wide range of threats and dangers which affect the condition of human existence. The non-tradition notion of security go beyond military threats.
In traditional security conception, focus has been on state, its territory and governing institutions while in non-traditional conception, human kind has become concern along with state. Non-traditional views of security have been called as ‘human security or global security’.
Difference between Narrow and Broad Concept of Human Security : Supporters of the ‘narrow’ concepts of human security focus on violent threats to individuals.
On the other hand, theory of ‘broad’ concept of human security argue that agenda because it includes hunger, disease and natural disasters these kill more people than war, genocide and terrorism together.
Thus, human security policy should protect people from these threats as well as from violence.
Question 23.
What are the major problems of ecological issues? (1 + 3 = 4)
Or
What are four steps implemented by the Government of India to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions?
Answer:
A major problem underlying all ecological issues relates to the difficulty of achieving consensus on common environmental agendas on the basis of vague scientific evidence and time frames.
- The discovery of the ozone hole over the Antarctic in the mid 1980!s revealed the opportunity as well as dangers inherent in tackling global environmental problems.
- At he same time, the history of outer space as a global commons shows that the management of these areas is thoroughly influenced by North-South inequalities.
- As with the Earth’s atmosphere and the ocean floor, the crucial issue here is technology and
industrial development. This is important because the benefits of exploitative activities in outer space are far from being equal either for the present or future generations.
Or
India has a very positive stand on environmental issues. The four steps implemented by the Government of India to mitigate green house gas emissions are
- India signed and rectified the 1997 Kyoto protocol in August 2002.
- At the G-8, Meeting in June 2005, India pointed out the per capita emission rate of the developing countries are a tiny fraction of those in the develop world.
- India’s international negotiation position relies heavily on principles of historical responsibility as enshrined UNFCC.
- India has initiated different programmes and policies. Such as National Auto Fuel policy, Electricity Act 2003, The Energy Conservation Act 2001.
- India has initiated various programmes and policies such as National Auto Fuel policy, The Energy Conservation Act 2001, The Electricity Act 2003 to improve environment.
- India wants that SAARC countries should adopt
a common position on major global environment issues, so that the regions voice carries greater weight.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
Globalisation does not always reduce state capacity. The primacy of the state continues to be unchallenged basis of political community. The old jealousies and rivalries between countries have not ceased to matter in world politics. The state continues to discharge its essential functions (law and order, national security) and consciously withdraws from certain domains from which it wishes to. States continue to be important. Indeed, in some respects state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalisation, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizens.
(i) Globalisation has given boost to the state capacity because ……………… .
(a) it has made available advance technology to state to rule its people better
(b) state has become more market centric in approach which is beneficial for the people
(c) state has increased its welfare capacity through globalisation
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) it has made available advance technology to state to rule its people better.
(ii) The primacy of the state continues to be unchallenged basis of …………….. .
(a) welfarism
(b) political community
(c) international interests
(d) security threats
Answer:
(b) political community
(iii) How do enhanced technologies enable the state to rule better?
(a) The state can collect important information about its citizens.
(b) State can keep surveillance on its people.
(c) State can generate welfare policies on the basis of data.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
(iv) What are the essential functions of the state?
(a) To defend and secure the boundaries of the state to maintain national security.
(b) To provide justice and maintain law and order.
(c) To maintain the market economy.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 25.
In the give outline political map of India four states have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per format that follows. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) The state to which Minister for Communications in the first ministry of free India belonged.
(ii) The state to which the former Prime Minister Moraiji Desai was related.
(iii) The state to which S. Nijalingappa belonged.
(iv) The state related to former Congress President K. Kamraj.
Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of States |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. Number of the information used | Alphabet concerned | Name of States |
(i) | A | Uttar Pradesh |
(ii) | C | Gujarat |
(iii) | B | Karnataka |
(iv) | D | Tamil Nadu |
Quetsion 26.
Study the given picture and answer the questions that follow.
(i) When was the treaty of Maastricht signed?
Answer:
The treaty of Maastricht was signed on 7th Feb, 1992.
(ii) Which symbol these stars are indicating?
Answer:
These stars represents fifteen old members of EU formed till 2003.
(iii) Why does the cartoonist use the image of the ship titanic to represent EU?
Answer:
The cartoon appeared in 2003 when the European Union’s initiative to draft a common constitution failed.
The cartoonist has used the image of the ship Titanic to represent European Union because the ship was drowned and could not reach at its destination.
Section E (24 Marks)
Quetsion 27.
How Bangladesh was formed as an independent nation? (6)
Or
What are the efforts which has been taken by India and Pakistan towards peace and cooperation between both the nation?
Answer:
Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman was a leader who led the popular struggle against the domination of West Pakistan and demanded independence for Eastern region.
During the 1970’s elections, the Awami League under Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman won all the seats in East Pakistan and secured a majority in the Constituent Assembly. But the government under West Pakistan leadership refused to call up the assembly. After this, Sheikh Mujib was arrested. Under the rule of Yahya Khan, thousands of people were killed to suppress the mass movements. Problems like large scale migration towards India emerged and it created a refugee problem for India.
The people of East Pakistan were supported financially and militarily by the Indian Government for, their independence. This led to a war between India and Pakistan in December 1971. The war ended with the surrender of Pakistan forces in East Pakistan and Bangladesh was formed as an independent nation.
Or
Efforts has been taken by India and Pakistan towards peace between both the countries are discussed below
- Confidence building measures has been signed between both the countries to minimise the tensions in terms of security.
- Social activities and prominent personalities collaborated to develop friendly atmosphere.
- Number of bus routes has been opened up between the countries.
- Samjhauta Express, was started in July 1976 to ‘ improve people-to-people connect between the two countries after the Shimla Agreement.
- Trade between two parts of Punjab have increased substantially and visas are provided more easily.
- Finalising of Kartarpur Corridor has shown a ray of hope for starting of talks between India and Pakistan after the 2019 Pulwama terror attack.
Quetsion 28.
Define the term Unipolarity. What were the outcomes of a unipolar world after 1991 that benefitted USA? (2 + 2 + 2 = 6)
Or
Explain any four consequences of Shock Therapy.
Answer:
Unipolarity means that there is a sole superpower that is dominant in the international domain. For example, US remained the only superpower after the disintegration of USSR in 1991.
The outcomes of a unipolar world after 1991 are discussed below
- The US became the sole superpower and the capitalist economy remained the dominant economic system internationally.
- The power relations in world politics changed and therefore, the relative influence of ideas and institutions also changed.
- Politically, the notion of liberal democracy emerged as the best way to organise political life.
- Institutions like World Bank and IMF became powerful advisors to all the countries and gave loans for their transitions to capitalism.
- The US dollar is considered to be the world’s dominant reserve currency.
Or
The term ‘Shock Therapy’ meant the transitionalmodel from being a socialist country to a capitalist country influenced by the World Bank and the IMF.
The four consequences of Shock Therapy were
- ‘Shock Therapy’ proved to be a real shock for the Soviet economy. It brought ruin to the communist economies and the people of the region.
- It led to the collapse of the state controlled industrial units and high scale privatisation of the government enterprises and subsequent auctioning of the state owned industries which was called the ‘largest garage sale’ in world history.
- The value of Russian currency, ‘Ruble’ declined dramatically with soaring rate of inflation pushing people into poverty.
- A Mafia emerged in most of these countries and started controlling many economic activities. Privatisation led to new disparities. Post Soviet states especially Russia, were divided between rich and poor.
- The old system of social welfare was pushed to ashes with government withdrawing subsidies.
- It widened the gap between rich and poor. It further reinforced the economic divide.
Quetsion 29.
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir?
Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer. (6)
Or
All regional movements need not lead to separatist demands. Explain by giving examples from this chapter.
Answer:
Kashmir was given a special status by Article 370 in our Constitution. The view of Kashmiris about autonomy of Jammu and Kashmir is that the autonomy conferred by Article 370 is not enough.
A section of Kashmiris have expressed atleast three major grievances over the issue of autonomy. These were
- Government of India’s promise to ascertain the view of people of Jammu and Kashmir once the situation normalised, has not been fulfilled. They demand for a plebiscite (vote).
- There is a feeling that special status guaranteed by Article 370, has been eroded in practice. So, they are demanding restoration of autonomy or greater state autonomy.
- Democracy has not been established in Jammu and Kashmir the way democracy is being practised in the rest of India.
To me, the first position appears to be more justified because plebiscite will help us better to know what the people of Kashmir want and how their demands will be better accomodated under the framework of Indian Union.
Or
All regional movements need not lead to separatist demands because
Regional aspirations are very much a part of democratic politics. Expression of regional issues is not abnormal phenomenon. Even countries like Britain have had regional aspirations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Spain faces separatist movement from Basques and Sri lanka from the Tamils.
The best way to deal with regional aspiration is democratic negotiations and dialogue rather than suppression. In 1980, situation in Punjab, Kashmir and Assam was severely tensed. Instead of treating these law and order problems, Government of India resolved these through negotiation and discussion. The case of Mizoram shows that how political settlement and negotiation can resolve the problem of separatism effectively.
Quetsion 30.
“Peace and Prosperity of countries lay in the establishment and strengthening of regional economic organisations”.
Critically analyse the statement. (6)
Or
What is Godhra riots? What were its outcomes?
Answer:
Peace and prosperity of countries lay in establishing and strengthening of regional economic organisation”. This statement can be evaluated with the help of the following points
- The members of regional organisation resolve their mutual differences and adopt Foreign Trade Policy, thus give way to their economic development.
- Backward countries also get a chance for their development and thus, employment also increases.
- Standard of living of every country is improved.
- They get facilities of quality education, health and transport.
- When the public is satisfied, then its trust in Nation’s policy increases and thus, along with its capability, public then corporates in policies of government which brings peace and prosperity in a country.
- There are no chances of public outrage.
Or
In February-March 2002 large scale violence took place against Muslims in Gujarat because at Godhra station a bogey of Sabarmati Express train was set on fire which was full of Karsevaks. They were returning from Ayodhya and suspecting the hands of Muslims in setting fire to the bogey large-scale violence against Muslims began in Gujarat from the next day.
The outcomes were
- This violence continued for almost a whole month. Nearly 1100 persons, mostly Muslims were killed.
- The National Human Rights Commission criticised the Gujarat Government’s role in failing to control this communal violence, providing relief to the victims and prosecute the perpetrators of this violence.
- The Election Commission of India ordered are assembly elections to be postponed.