Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions Set 1 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 1 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks : 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 – 12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13 – 18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50 – 60 words each.
- Question numbers 19 – 23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100 – 120 words each.
There in an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions. - Question numbers 24 – 26 are passage, cartoon and map – based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27 – 30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170 – 180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Chemical weapons convention
2. Non-Proliferation treaty
3. Biological weapons convention
4. Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Codes
(a) 3, 4, 2 and 1
(b) 2, 4, 3 and 1
(c) 2, 4, 1 and 3
(d) 2, 3, 4 and 1
Ans
(d) 2, 3, 4 and 1
Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Traditional Security accepts confidences building as a means of avoiding voilence.
Reason (R) : Confidence building is a process in which countries share ideas and information with their rivals. (1)
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Question 3.
What does Hindutva mean? (1)
(a) It means Hinduness
(b) It was based on Indian nationhood
(c) It mean everyone must accept India not only as their motherland but also their holyland
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
Question 4.
What does Multi-Party System refer? (1)
(a) A system where two parties compete for power
(b) A system of governance characterised by the presence of multiple political parties
(c) A system where many parties compete ‘ for power
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) A system where many parties compete for power
Question 5.
How many republics formed the Soviet Union? (1)
(a) 10
(b) 12
(c) 15
(d) 16
Answer:
(c) 15
Question 6.
When was Planning Commission set up in India by a simple resolution of the Government of India? (1)
(a) March 1951
(b) March 1950
(c) April 1950
(d) April 1951
Answer:
(b) March 1950
Question 7.
Under whose leadership the Second Five Year Plan was drafted? (1)
(a) P C Mahalanobis
(b) K C Negoy
(c) T T Krishnamachari
(d) Smt Durgabai Deshmukh
Answer:
(a) P C Mahalanobis
Question 8.
Which judge of the Allahabad High Court declared Indira Gandhi’s election as invalid? (l)
(a) Om Prakash Trivedi
(b) Jagmohan Lai Sinha
(c) Narain Dutt Ojha
(d) Kunj Behari Srivastava
Answer:
(b) Jagmohan Lai Sinha
Question 9.
Match the following. (1)
List – I | List – II |
(A) Total Revolution | 1. Indira Gandhi |
(B) Garibi Hatao | 2. Jaya Prakash Narayan |
(C) Student’s Protest | 3. Bihar Movement |
(D) Railway Strike | 4. George Fernandes |
Codes
Answer:
(a) 2 1 3 4
List – I | List – II |
(A) Total Revolution | 2. Jaya Prakash Narayan |
(B) Garibi Hatao | 1. Indira Gandhi |
(C) Student’s Protest | 3. Bihar Movement |
(D) Railway Strike | 4. George Fernandes |
Question 10.
Arms control is an important measure of traditional security as …………… . (1)
(a) it regulates the acquisition or development of weapons
(b) it prevents the military action
(c) it is concerned with preventing a war like situation
(d) it coordinates actions to defend against military attacks
Answer:
(a) it regulates the acquisition or development of weapons
Question 11.
This conference led to the establishment of a global action plan to promote sustainable development in 1992, Brazil. This is …………….. . (1)
(a) World Summit on Sustainable Development
(b) UN Conference on Environment and Development
(c) General Assembly Special Session on the Environment
(d) UN Sustainable Development Summit
Answer:
(b) UN Conference on Environment and Development
Question 12.
In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion : (A) The old system of social welfare in the Soviet Union automatically got destroyed.
Reason : (R) The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of the people into poverty. (1)
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What is the relationship between traditional security and co-operation? (2)
Answer:
Traditional security is closely related with co-operation as it recognises the need for co-operation to limit violence. This limit directly relates to both means and ends of the war. It has been universally accepted that countries should go to war for the genuine reasons, say self-defence as to protect other people from genocide.
Question 14.
What was ‘Operation Blue Star’? Why did it hurt the sentiments of the Sikh Community? (2)
Answer:
‘Operation Blue Star’ was an army action against militancy in 1989 which was executed in Golden temple, Amritsar.
In this operation, the government could successfully flush out the militants, but it damaged the historic temple and deeply hurt the sentiments of the Sikhs.
Question 15.
Highlight any two effects of the Election 1989 on the politics of India. (2)
Answer:
Two long lasting impact of 1989 elections were
- It mark the end of the dominance of the Congress party in the party system of India.
- It mark the beginning of era of coalition government at the centre in which regional parties played crucial role in formation of government.
Question 16.
What is Preventive Detention? How it was used during Emergency? (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
Preventive Detention is a provision under which people could be arrested even if he/she have not committed any crime. Suspection to do so is enough to arrest him/her.
During Emergency, government used it as an instrument to deal with opposition and people protesting against government. Hundreds of people were arrested under this provision.
Question 17.
List any two differences between the Socialist and Communist Parties. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The two differences between the Socialist and Communist Parties were
- Communist party believed in revolutionary socialism, whereas Socialist Party believed in ideology of democratic socialism.
- The Communist Party’s ideology was titled towards the Soviet Union and China, whereas Socialists had no such ideological inclination.
Question 18.
Explain the difference between refugees and migrants. (1 + 1 = 2)
Answer:
The difference between refugees and migrants are as follows
Refugees are forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. They went through immense sufferings.
On the other hand, migrants make a conscious choice to leave their country to seek a better life elsewhere. They plan their own travel and are free to return home at any time.
Section C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Describe any two advantages and two disadvantages of coalition government in India. (4)
Answer:
When two or more parties join hands together to form a government is known as Coalition Government. For example, UPA, NDA, etc. In 1977, the first coalition government was formed.
Two advantages of coalition government are as follows
- Dominance of one party is minimised.
- More than one ideologies come together and gives strength to democracy.
Two disadvantages of coalition government are as follows
- It gives unstable government.
- It slows the process of policy-making.
Question 20.
Why was Congress considered as an
ideological coalition? Explain the various ideologies that were present within the Congress. (4)
Answer:
The Congress was considered as an ideological coalition because many diverse and even contradictory groups either merged their identity within the Congress or continued to exist within the Congress holding different beliefs.
Various ideologies present within the Congress were
- It accommodated the revolutionary and pacifist, conservative and radical, extremist and moderate, right and left with all other shades of the centre.
- It became a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in the national movement.
- During pre-independence days, many organisations and parties with their own Constitution and organisational structure were allowed to exist within the Congress.
- Some of these such as Congress Socialist Party later separated from the Congress and became opposition party.
Question 21.
Which steps must be adopted to conserve the natural resources? (4)
Or
What was the ‘Earth Summit’? How far did the summit prove to be useful? Explain.
Answer:
Following steps must be adopted to conserve the natural resources
- Afforestation, preventing the felling of immature and young trees and creating awareness amongst the local people about planting and nurturing trees may help in conserving forests.
- Terrace farming in hilly regions, contour ploughing, controlling the shifting cultivation, overgrazing and plugging the gullies. Some of them are the import methods of soil conservation.
- Construction of dams to impound rain water, use of sprinklers, drip or trickle irrigation technique, recycling of water for industrial and domestic purposes will help in conservation of the invaluable water resource.
- Minerals are non-renewable resources need to be conserved through efficient utilisation, development of better technology of extraction and purification, recycling of minerals and use of substitutes.
Or
Earth Summit The growing focus on environmental issues within the coliseum of global politics was firmly consolidated at the United Nations.
Conference on Environment and Development held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This was named as the ‘Earth Summit’ in which 170 state, NGOs and MNCs participated in this summit.
Usefulness of Summit
- The summit prove to be useful in following ways . The Rio Summit produced conventions dealing with climate change, biodiversity, forestn/ and advocated a list of development practices ctuiou ‘Agenda 2T.
- There were some significant differences and difficulties which were left unsolved. There was an agreement on combining economic growth with ecological responsibility and this approach came to be known as ‘Sustainable Development’.
Question 22.
Why were the general elections of 1967 called as the political earthquake for Congress? Examine any four reasons. (4)
Answer:
The general elections of 1967 called as the political earthquake for Congress party. The results of 1967 elections jolted the Congress at both the national and state level. Congress managed to get majority in the Lok Sabha but with its lowest tally of seats and share of votes since 1952.
The reasons behind this were
- The Fourth General Election held in 1967 was the first election to be held without Jawaharlal Nehru.
- Congress was dominant party before 1967, but scenario was likely to change after 1967’s election. Several non-Congress parties joined together to bring Congress down. They realised that their disintegration kept Congress in power. So, they joined to form a big alliance called Samyukt Vidhayak Dal.
- Congress still managed to win in Lok Sabha election, but with the poorest performance ever. Congress lost in many states and influential leaders of Congress lost their positions.
- Many Congress leaders left the party in order to join the other party. Local politics gained momentum. Defection and coalition played an important role and new elements were in the scene of electoral politics.
Question 23.
Do you agree with the argument that globalisation leads to cultural homogenisation? (4)
Or
Evaluate any three effects of globalisation on the role of state in developing countries.
Answer:
No, we don’t agree with the argument due to the following reasons
(i) The rise of a uniform culture is not the emergence of global culture. Although, it leads to each culture becoming more different and t distinctive but it leads to the emergence of a world culture which actually is the imposition of ‘ Western culture on the rest of the world. For example, the Blue jeans or the American way of life have become popular because the culture of the politically and economically dominant . society leaves its imprint on a less powerful society. It may lead to the shrinking of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
(ii) The cultures are not static things. All cultures i accept outside influence all the time. For example, the Burger is no substitute for Masala Dosa and therefore, it does not pose any real challenge. It has simply been added to our food choices. While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation, the same process also generates precisely the opposite effect.
Or
Following are the effects of globalisation on the role of state in developing countries were
- State only plays a minimal role which includes core functions like maintenance of law and order as well as security.
- Globalisation has further restricted the role of state as it minimises the role of state in the economy. It reduces the state capacity and it is being completely dominated by the market forces.
- The position of state has also been relieved due to globalisation as it increases technological developments which help the state to run efficiently.
- Globalisation has impacted the way the state functions and set international standards that have to be adhered in order to keep up with the wave of economic growth through assistance from organisation such as World Bank or IMF.
However, the state has become more transparent and even though they are answerable to other governing bodies, the state still has influence.
Section D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4) The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones. The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union. It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union.
(i) Which of the states given below are not the member states of CIS?
(a) Armenia
(b) Belarus
(c) Moldova
(d) Lithuania
Answer:
(d) Lithuania
(ii) The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established in
(a) December, 1991
(b) December, 1990
(c) December, 1994
(d) December, 1993
Answer:
(a) December, 1991
(iii) Disintegration of USSR came as a surprise because …………. .
(a) it emerged as a great power after the Second World War.
(b) it had vast energy resources.
(c) in the arms race, Soviet Union managed to match the US.
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above
(iv) What kind of role was played by the successor of Soviet Union in the International Politics?
(a) It accepted all international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union.
(b) It inherited the Soviet Seat in the UN Security Council.
(c) It signed treaties with the US.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Question 25.
In the outline political map of India given below, four states have marked as A, B, C and D. Identify these states on the basis of information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet in the map as per the following format. (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4)
(i) The state where a violent incident took place at Godhara in 2002.
(ii) The state which was earlier known as Madras.
(iii) The state which has the maximum number of seats in India in its Legislative Assembly.
(iv) The state to which former Chief Minister Laldenga belonged.
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Concerned Alphabet | Name of the State |
(i) | ||
(ii) | ||
(iii) | ||
(iv) |
Answer:
Sr. No. of the Information Used | Concerned Alphabet | Name of the State |
(i) | C | Gujarat |
(ii) | B | Chennai |
(iii) | D | Uttar Pradesh |
(iv) | A | Mizoram |
Question 26.
Observe the picture given below and answer the following questions, (1 + 1 + 2 = 4)
(i) When was the treaty of Maastricht signed? (1)
Answer:
The treaty of Maastricht was signed on 7th February, 1992.
(ii) Why does the cartoonist use the image of the ship Titanic to represent EU? (2)
Answer:
The cartoon appeared in 2003 when the European Union’s initiative to draft a common constitution failed.
The cartoonist has used the image of the ship Titanic to represent European Union because the ship was drowned and could not reach at its destination.
(iii) How many stars are being seen in the cartoon? Which symbol these starts are indicating? (l)
Answer:
Fifteen stars are seen in the cartoon.
These stars represents fifteen old members of EU formed till 2003.
Section E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Why could democracy not take roots in Pakistan despite the fact that both the countries India and Pakistan share a common past? (6)
Or
What is the conflict between India and Sri Lanka relations? Explain the efforts taken by both the countries towards maintaining peace and cooperation in the region.
Answer:
Pakistan does not have a good experience with democracy. Several factors contributed to failure in building a stable democracy in Pakistan.
They are as follows
- There was always social dominance of military, clergy and landowning aristocracy which resulted in downfall of democratic government and existence of military government.
- Due to Pakistan’s conflict with India, pro-military groups in Pakistan got strengthened.
- According to these pro-military groups, political parties and democracy is defective and there is a chance of harm to the security of Pakistan by narrow minded parties and disorganised democracy. And this way, justification for army’s stay in power is provided.
- Lack of international support has been there in Pakistan for democratic rule.
- US and some Western countries moved Pakistan towards authoritarian rule for their own benefits. Military rule in Pakistan is supposed to be the protector of Western interests in West Asia, South Asia as ‘Global Isamic Terrorism’ and nuclear arsenal can be controlled by military.
Even though, democracy has not been fully successful in Pakistan, there has been a strong pro-democracy sentiment in the country. Pakistan has a courageous and relatively free press and a strong human rights movement.
Or
The Government of India and Sri Lanka are mostly indulged in dispute over ethnic conflict in the island nation. The Indian leaders find it difficult to remain neutral when the Tamils are politically unhappy and are being killed.
After the military intervention of 1987, the Indian Government has developed a policy of disengagement with Sri Lanka’s internal troubles. Efforts taken by both the countries towards maintaining peace and cooperation are
- There are steps and policies which have further strengthened ties between the two countries like the Free Trade Agreement and post-tsunami reconstruction in Sri Lanka.
- Sri Lanka is one of India’s largest trading partners among the SAARC countries. India in turn is Sri Lanka’s largest trade partner globally.
- Political relations between India and Sri Lanka have been marked by high-level exchanges of visits at regular intervals. In June 2019, the first overseas visit of Indian Prime Minister to Sri Lanka, in his second term, is an important symbolic gesture reflective of the special relationship between the countries.
- In April 2019, India and Sri Lanka also concluded agreement on countering Drug and Human Trafficking.
Question 28.
“The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic”. Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments. (6)
Or
Describe the events that led to the merger of Hyderabad and Manipur with the Union of India.
Answer:
The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic due to the following reasons
(i) The States Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 by the Central Government to redraw the boundaries of the states.
(ii) The Commission accepted that the boundaries of the State should reflect the boundaries of different languages. On the basis of this, the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. This led to the creation of 14 States and 6 Union Territories.
(iii) In the early phase, it was felt that linguistic states may foster separation and create pressures on newly founded nation. But India considered democracy and federalism by making a favour to linguistic states only. It was hoped that if the people accept the regional and linguistic claims of all regions, the threat of division and separatism would be reduced.
When linguistic states were formed, they
- Enhanced democratic practices.
- Reduced separatist activities by accepting the regional linguistic claims of all religions.
- Provided a uniform base to the nation and strengthened unity of nation.
- Promoted the principle of unity in diversity, a distinct feature of nation.
Therefore, the accommodation of regional demands jand the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.
Or
The events that led to the merger of Hyderabad and Manipur with the Union of India are discussed below Manipur After the Independence in 1947, Maharaja of Manipur Bodhachandra Singh, signed the Instrument of Accession with Indian Union on the assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur would be maintained. Under the pressure of people of Manipur, Maharaja held the election in June, 1948 and state became a constitutional monarchy.
Thus, it could be said that Manipur was the first state to hold an election on the basis of universal adult franchise. The legislators of the regional parties of Manipur did not want to merge with India but State Congress wanted to merge. Government of India pressurised the Manipur Maharaja and succeeded to do so. Maharaja accepted the agreement and signed it without consulting the Legislative Assembly. As a result, Manipur was merged with the Union of India.
Hyderabad It was the largest of the Princely States that covered almost 1/3rd part of South India. Nizam signed Standstill Agreement with the Government of India and the state emerged as an independent state after India’s independence. Many movements took place in Hyderabad state specially in Telangana region where many peasants were victimised and oppressed by Nizam.
Nizam sent his para-military force, Razakars. Razakars murdered, raped and looted particularly the non-Muslims. Therefore, Central Government ordered the army to tackle the situation. On 13th September, 1948, Indian army marched in Hyderabad and on the 17th September, 1948, Hyderabad surrendered.
This led to merger of Hyderabad with the Union of India.
Question 29.
Highlight any four issues of cooperation as well as confrontation between India and Bangladesh. (6)
Or
India and Pakistan involved in certain issues but now the two countries are well on their way to a friendly relationship, Discuss.
Answer:
The four issues of cooperation are
- Both the countries do cooperate on many issues despite their differences like improving economic relations considerably.
- Bangladesh is a part of India’s Look East Policy that wants to link up with South-East Asia through Myanmar.
- Both India and Bangladesh have cooperated regularly for issues like disaster management and environmental issue.
- In December 2020, India and Bangladesh signed several agreements and also inaugurated four projects to deeper their partnership.
The four issues of conflict between India and Bangladesh are
- Illegal immigration of Bangladeshi people.
- Bangladeshi Governments have felt that the Indian Government behaves like a regional bully over the sharing river waters, encouraging rebellion in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, trying to extract its natural gas and being unfair in trade.
- Bangladesh’s refusal to allow Indian troops to move through its territory to North-Eastern India.
- Bangladesh’s support for anti-India islamic ‘ fundamentalist group.
Or
India and Pakistan just after independence got involved in conflict over certain issues. These included Kashmir, control over Siachen glacier, sharing water of rivers, etc.
These issues led to wars between them in 1947-1948, 1965 and 1971. The nuclear test by both the countries in 1990’s further deteriorated the relations between them. Steps were taken to improve the relations between India and Pakistan.
Some of them include
- Both the countries signed an agreement in February 2007 on reducing the rise from accident relating to nuclear weapons. i
- Both the countries have agreed to have a dialogue for reaching a peaceful settlement on all : bilateral issues, including Kashmir.
- Leaders have meet at summits to understand each other better and to find solutions to the major problems between the two neighbours.
- The two countries have agreed to undertake confidence building measures to reduce the risk of war.
- A number of bus routes have been opened up between the two countries.
Question 30.
What were the major complaints related to the UN Security Council were reflected in the resolution passed by the UN General Assembly in 1992? Describe any three criterias that have been proposed for new permanent members of the Security Council. (6)
Or
UN has failed in preventing wars and related miseries, nations prefer its continuation. What makes the UN a essential organisation?
Answer:
In 1992, with a view to bring reforms in the
UN Security Council, a resolution was adopted by the UN General Assembly.
The resolution was about following three main complaints
- The Security Council is not adequately representing the present political realities.
- Decisions by Security Council are reflective of Western values and interests and dominance by a few powers.
- The representation is not on an equitable basis. In view of reorganisation, UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan initiated an inquiry into the ways of reformation of UN on 1st January, 1997.
After the years of inquiry, following criterias have been suggested for the permanent and non-permanent members of Security Council.
The following criteria have been proposed for new permanent and non-permanent members of UN Security Council
- A major economic power
- A major military power
- A substantial contributor to the UN budget . A big nation in terms of its population
- A nation that respects democracy and human rights
- A country that would make the council more representative of the world’s diversity in terms of geography, economic systems and culture.
However, some of these criteria were considered valid and some were considered invalid by the governments depending upon their interests and aspirations. It was asserted that current composition of the Security Council represents the post-World War II realities and thus, is not in pace with the changing balance of power in the world.
Or
The following facts makes the UN an indispensable organisation for maintaining the world peace
- Interdependence and globalisation is not possible without the international organisation such as the UN.
- To enforce cooperation on the issues of poverty, unemployment, environmental degradation, crime rate etc.
Thus, it works for the cooperation and protection of basic rights and conditions for survival. - To provide financial assistance to developing countries to stabilise economy all over the world, the UN and its specialised agencies are always required.
- The UN works as a forum to solve any international dispute among nations and sort out the problem in best possible way. It is the only organisation which consists of 193 member states.
Hence, though the UN has failed in preventing related wars and miseries, despite the nations require its continuation due to above mentioned reasons to promote international peace and security.